当前我国农业生产适度规模经营问题分析

"三农"问题是当前困扰我国城乡统筹发展、实现农业现代化、全面建设小康社会的一个重大问题。在家庭承包制下,农民家庭的土地过于分散、规模太小,已经成为农业现代化的制度性障碍。农业生产的比较效益逐年下降,农业生产兼业化趋势加强、粗放式经营的现象日趋严重,严重影响农业生产的产业化、市场化和现代化,也影响到我国的粮食安全。当前适度规模化经营已经成为农业生产的趋势,可以通过农户承包地互换、转让,村集体反租倒包及土地股份合作制等模式来实现土地合理、有序流转,实现土地资源的优化配置,达到适度规模经营的目标。     

控制权及投资者保护对掏空风险的影响——基于融资规模的经验证据

基于中国上市公司融资规模数据对上市公司的控制权与掏空风险的关系进行了实证分析,并探讨了投资者保护对掏空风险的抑制作用。研究发现:与国家终极控制的上市公司相比,私人终极控制的上市公司中掏空风险更高,因而融资规模显著高于前者;控股股东持股比例越高,掏空上市公司的动机越小,从而导致上市公司融资规模越低;其他大股东的制衡能力越强,控股股东掏空上市公司的可能性越小,因而上市公司融资规模越低;投资者保护水平越高,越能起到抑制掏空风险的作用。     

安徽省水利投入有效性分析

介绍DEA模型的相关理论基础,并应用DEA模型分析水利投入的有效性。以安徽省为例,应用DEA模型分析水利投入对经济增长的拉动作用。结果表明,安徽省水利行业规模效益基本上处于不变或递减状态;一半左右年份的效率达到了投入产出的最好效果,另一半左右年份的投入产出效率趋于DEA有效。     

林业投资研究

运用经济学投资理论,通过历史比较的方法,对林业投资规模、林业投资结构、林业投资资金来源、林业投资经济效果、林业投资阶段几方面展开分析。结果表明:林业总投资整体呈现波动上升趋势,林业总投资中央投资占林业总投资的比重呈U形曲线变化;林业总投资占国家财政支出的比重,经历了两次波动周期;林业投资结构逐渐由森工转向营林,中央林业投资逐渐转向林业重点公共工程;林业总投资对于GDP和林业总产值的贡献率总体是先下降再上升,林业投资的直接结果是森林资源的增长。建议继续加大林业投资,坚持林业投资以生态建设为中心,坚持分类投资管理。     

Culture' Effects on Job Satisfaction and Performance in a Bicultural Context

Abstract

This study looks at culture' influence on employee job satisfaction and performance as it pertains to competitiveness. The researcher investigated whether INDSALES (a job satisfaction scale) is compatible with a Hispanic salesperson sample, focusing on automobile sales situations. The methodology relied heavily on field research and on an experimental design that applied different employee/manager combinations. Two hypotheses were proposed and subsequently tested. Results demonstrate that Hispanics and Anglo-Americans view job satisfaction somewhat differently. The study also found that there are significant differences in the levels of job satisfaction between mono-cultural and bicultural relationships. Managerial implications for better competitiveness are incorporated. Future research could investigate a different geographical region with Hispanic and Anglo automobile salespersons or other nations where different cultures work together     

基于分形理论的区域旅游中心地规模与空间结构研究——以湖南省为例

旅游中心地对区域旅游的发展起着十分重要的作用,其规模和空间结构是否合理,将在很大程度上影响区域旅游发展的效益和质量.文章首次尝试运用分形理论分析区域旅游中心地的规模和空间结构,并以湖南省为例进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:采用分形理论来研究区域旅游中心地规模和空间结构是可行的；分形理论和方法是优化区域旅游中心地规模和空间结构,促进区域旅游发展的有效工具.     

中国高等教育发展水平的空间差异研究

在我国高等教育快速发展的同时，高等教育区域发展不均衡、资源配置不公平等现象越来越突出。采用熵权法从教育规模、经费投入、基础设施和师资力量四个维度构建地区高等教育综合发展指数，对2004—2013年我国地区高等教育发展水平进行全局空间自相关分析、局部空间自相关分析和三维趋势分析，结果表明：我国高等教育发展水平在总体上呈现显著的空间正相关特征，且空间关联性逐渐增强；虽然落后地区与发达地区的差距有所减小，但高等教育发展的空间异质性明显，落后地区仍然占很大比重。因此，我国高等教育发达地区未能有效发挥空间辐射和带动作用，空间溢出效应不明显，高等教育发展的空间结构有待改善。国家应避免高等教育区域差距继续拉大，落后地区应加快高等教育发展，发达地区应有效发挥辐射带动作用，努力缩小高等教育的空间差距。     

Visitors’ acceptance of negative ecological impacts in national parks: comparing the explanatory power of psychographic scales in a Norwegian mountain setting

Even in protected areas, it is inevitable that any human use will produce some impact on natural resources. This study identifies visitors’ tolerance of potential negative ecological impacts from tourism activities and facilities in a Norwegian national park context, based on park visitors’ expressed degree of acceptance of negative effects on particular species of wildlife (wild reindeer and raptors) and on vegetation. Attitudes were analysed using psychographic scales, reflecting respondents’ nature orientations, their specific facility desires, their preferences in a wilderness setting and their concerns about human interaction with the natural environment. Fourteen research hypotheses were tested. Findings demonstrated that the psychographic scales explained more variation in attitudes than most social background and trip characteristics. Higher levels of education among visitors were strongly associated with increased ecological concern; age and gender were not. There was generally strong ecological awareness and eco-centrism among park visitors in general, with a small proportion of wilderness purists. Better trail conditions, signposting and interpretation were sought. But park visitors were also found to possess a complex mixture of needs and drivers. The study found significant potential for strategic alliances between tourism and conservation interests, and key value issues for park governance systems.     

循环水浓缩倍数的涵义及控制方法探讨

文章介绍了甲醇厂循环水系统的具体情况,探讨了浓缩倍数的涵义,并详细分析了浓缩倍数控制范围及影响因素、具体浓缩倍数的计算和控制方法。     

WTO's Anti-dumping Rule and the Protection of Incumbents

Article VI of the GATT allows counter measures if goods are sold in a foreign market at a price below average production plus transportation costs. The present article analyses Article VI based on a simple game theoretic model with two countries and economies of scale in the production of one homogeneous good. It is shown that multiple equilibria exist under the WTO rule for some parameter values that do not exist without the rule. In some equilibria, the incumbent serves the entire market even if the entrant can produce at lower costs. The model supports the criticism of the anti-dumping rule as an instrument of protection by industrialized countries against competition from developing countries.